Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation
Obesity is a multifactorial condition driven by complex molecular interactions involving energy imbalance, neurohormonal signaling, and dysregulated metabolic pathways. Research highlights the roles of adipokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress in fueling metabolic dysregulation. Key cellular pathways, including AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling, are central to understanding energy utilization and storage. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms not only deepens knowledge of obesity pathophysiology but also opens opportunities for precision therapies targeting fundamental biochemical imbalances.